ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted during
the 2011/2011 cropping season at Plant Science and Biotechnology Laboratory,
Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, to study
the callus induction of garlic (Allium
sativum L.) at various combinations and concentrations of growth regulators
and also to develop an efficient protocol for callus induction of garlic via
economically viable explants of indigenous garlic accessions. Garlic cloves used
as explants, were collected from bulb germinated in a Murashige and Skooge (MS)
basal medium. Different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators
like 2, 4-D and coconut water were used in MS medium to observe the callus induction,
proliferation and organ formation. The highest callusing was recorded at the
best concentration of 2, 4-D (1.0 mg L-1) in MS medium (83.33%). The
implication of this result to further work on selection and improvement of this
crop is discussed.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………………..i
Declaration……...…………………………………………………………………………………ii
Certification……………………………………………………………………………………....iii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………...iv
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………...v
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………..……..vi
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………..ix
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………….....x
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..…...xi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 Justification
of the problem……………………………………………………………….2
1.3 Aim
of study…..………………………………………………………………………….2
1.4 Objectives
of study..……………………………………………………………………...3
1.5 Statement
of the hypothesis……………………………………………………………….3
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1 Literature
Review………………..………………………………………………………..4
2.2 Varieties
of garlic………………………………………………………………………….6
2.3 Cultivation
of garlic……………………………………………………………………….6
2.4 Uses
of Garlic……………………………………………………………………………..8
2.5 Adverse
effects and toxicology…………………………………………………………..16
2.6 Properties
of garlic……………………………………………………………………….18
2.7 Callus
induction and tissue culture………………………………………………………20
2.8 Callus
morphology……………………………………………………………………….21
2.9 Uses
of callus…………………………………………………………………………….22
2.10 History
of callus………………………………………………………………………….23
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1 Materials…………………………………………………………………………………24
3.2 Method…………………………………………………………………………………..24
3.3 Media
preparation………………………………………………………………………..24
3.4 Surface
sterilization and culturing……………………………………………………….28
3.5 Incubation………………………………………………………………………………..29
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.1 Result…………………………………………………………………………………….30
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………..37
5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….38
5.3 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………...38
References……………………………………………………………………………………….40
Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...48
LIST
OF TABLES
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">1. Garlic
World Production Trend (June, 2008)……………………………………………..7
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">2. Murashige
and Skooge Media Composition……………………………………………..25
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">3. The
effect of 2, 4-D on callus induction for local garlic (Allium sativum L.)…………...31
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">4. The
effect of 2, 4-D + CW on callus induction for local garlic (Allium sativum L.)…….33
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">5. The
rate of treatments of 2, 4-D concentrations on culture vessels for callus
induction...34
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">6. The
rate of number of callus induction vessels on the replications……………………...34
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">7. The
rate of callusing on replications……………………………………………………..35
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">8. Effect
of days of callusing on replications……………………………………………….35
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">9. Effect
of degree of callusing on replications…………………………………………….36
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">10. The
Least Significant Differences (LSDs) of the treatments…………………………….36
LIST
OF FIGURES
1.
A Callus of Nicotiana
tabacum…………………………………………………………..21
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">2.
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Callus induced from the in vitro meristem of garlic using
MS+2,4-D (1.0mgL-1)………30
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">3.
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Callus induced from the in vitro meristem of garlic using
MS+2,4-D+CW (1.0mgL-1)...32
